A novel 3-D electromagnetic modeling tool has been developed. This allows frequency coverage down almost to dc level, and yet can be performed with modest computational resources. The modeling tool allows arbitrary geometries and electromagnetic properties for ground and underground objects. Various sources of excitation are included. The received field perturbations at any location can be visualized and stored.

Extensive simulations are being performed and plans for inversion algorithms are being drawn. The model can be used for mission design for various surveillance systems. It can be used for radio wave propagation over inhomogeneous terrain, for cellular radio propagation assessment, and for geophysical, environmental, and archeological applications.